The Life and Death of O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)

Famous short-story writer O. Henry was born William Sydney Porter on Sept. 11, 1862, in Greensboro, N.C. His father, Algernon Sidney Porter, was a physician. His mother, Mrs. Algernon Sidney Porter (Mary Virginia Swaim), died from consumption when O. Henry was just three years old, so he was raised by his paternal grandmother and his aunt. Early Years and Education O. Henry attended the private elementary school of his aunt, Evelina Porter (Miss Lina), starting in 1867. He then went to Linsey Street High School  in Greensboro, but he  left school at the age of 15 to work as a bookkeeper for his uncle at W. C. Porter and Company Drug Store. As a result,  O. Henry was largely self-taught. Being  an avid reader helped. O. Henry as a young man in Texas. Austin History Center, Austin Public Library / Public Domain Marriage,  Career, and Scandal O. Henry worked a number of different jobs, including as a ranch hand in Texas, licensed pharmacist, draftsman, bank clerk, and columnist.  And in 1887, O. Henry  married Athol Estes, stepdaughter of Mr. P. G. Roach. His most notorious occupation was as a bank clerk for the First National Bank of Austin. He resigned from his job in 1894 after he was accused of embezzling funds. In 1896, he was arrested on charges of embezzlement. He posted bail, skipped town, and finally returned in 1897 when he learned that his wife was dying. Athol died on July 25, 1897, leaving him one daughter, Margaret Worth Porter (born in 1889). O. Henry (center) worked as a bank clerk in First National Bank in Austin, Texas until 1894. Austin History Center, Austin Public Library / Public Domain After O. Henry served his time in prison, he married Sarah Lindsey Coleman in Asheville, N.C. in  1907. She  had been his childhood sweetheart. They separated the following year. The Gift of the Magi Short story The Gift of the Magi is one of O. Henrys most famous works. It was published in 1905 and chronicles a cash-strapped couple tasked with buying Christmas presents for each other. Below are some of the key quotes from the story. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.The magi, as you know, were wise men —wonderfully wise men —who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones. Blind Mans Holiday Blind Mans Holiday was published in the short story collection Whirligigs in 1910. Below is a memorable passage from the work: Man is too thoroughly an egoist not to be also an egotist; if he love, the object shall know it. During a lifetime he may conceal it through stress of expediency and honour, but it shall bubble from his dying lips, though it disrupt a neighbourhood. It is known, however, that most men do not wait so long to disclose their passion. In the case of Lorison, his particular ethics positively forbade him to declare his sentiments, but he must needs dally with the subject... In addition to this passage, here are key quotes from O. Henrys other works: He wrote love stories, a thing I have always kept free from, holding the belief that the well-known and popular sentiment is not properly matter for publication, but something to be privately handled by the alienist and the florist.  - The Plutonian FireIt was beautiful and simple as all truly great swindles are.  - The Octopus Marooned Death O. Henry died a poor man on June 5, 1910. Alcoholism and ill health are believed to have been factors in his death. The cause of his death is listed as cirrhosis of the liver. In reference to the first line of The Gift of the Magi (One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all), loose change is often seen on Porters headstone in Asheville, North Carolina. chucka_nc / Flickr /  CC BY-SA 2.0 Funeral services were held at a church in New York City, and he was buried in Asheville. His last words are said to have been: Turn up the lights —I dont want to go home in the dark.

Causes Of Willys Tragedy In Death Of A Salesman By Arthur...

Cause of Willy’s tragedy Charles Darwin once said, â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent but the most responsive to change.† (University of Cambridge, 1). In the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, Willy Loman is a 63 year old travelling who has been slowly deteriorating due to his age and mental health problems. The play takes place in New England where Willy often travels to several locations around the United States of America selling his goods with little to no success. In the play Willy is the primary cause of his own demise due to his perception of the American Dream, along with flawed morals and unethical values. Four examples that show that Willy is the primary cause of his own†¦show more content†¦Also we learn that Willy is handy and very good with tools. As Charley is figuring out how to fix the ceiling Willy shouts, â€Å"A man who cant handle tools is not a man.† (Miller 34). He is obviously stating that that he is good with tools because he’s insulting Charly due to his inability to use tools. If Willy chooses his career path with a higher degree of wisdom the outcome of his life’s successes is more likely to go in his favour. Therefore, because of Willy’s unattainable life goals, career path and perception of the American Dream he set himself up to end his life the way it did because nothing went right for him. Furthermore, Willy’s tragedy is caused by the ethics and values he gives to his children and for the fact that he does not value hard work and dedication. He raises Biff with the idea that it doesnt matter what you do, as long as youre well liked you will succeed. This idea causes both Willy and Biff to amount to nothing. On the other hand Charley, who is a successful individual, raises his son Bernard to work hard. As result of this Bernard becomes a lawyer and is trying cases at the Supreme Court. Willy Says: That’s just what I mean, Bernar d can get the best marks in school, y’understand, but when he gets out in the business world, y’understand, you are going to be five times ahead of him. That’s why I thank Almighty God you’reShow MoreRelatedWilly Loman: the Tragic Hero Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller made the comment that a tragic hero â€Å"has the inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what he conceives to be a challenge to his dignity.† Nowhere is this more evident than in Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, where salesman Willy Loman desperately struggles to regain a sense of dignity after experiencing a number of setbacks in his life. Despite not being able to provide for his family, Willy Loman continues the futile struggle to earn a living, which shows the despairRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman: Illusion In An American Tragedy Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pagesto choose the most convenient solution to his problem: illusion. They build dreams and fantasies to conceal the more difficult truths of their lives. In his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller portrays the hold of such illusions on individuals and its horrible consequences. Through the overly average, overly typical Loman family, Miller shows how dreams of a better life become, as Choudhuri put it, â€Å"fantasies to the point that the difference between illusion and reality, the Loman’s dreams andRead More Death Of A Salesman Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pages Tragedy was a very controversial issue in literature until recent years. Recent figures in literature have set a clear definition for tragedy. Author Miller is one of these figures. Plays and novels have distinguished the definition of tragedy. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary tragedy is a serious piece of literature typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror. Miller’s ex plainsRead MoreThe Collapse Of A Cherished Businessman1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe Collapse of a Cherished Businessman Arthur Miller, a highly acclaimed and influential twentieth century dramatist, was born in New York City in 1915. Unlike normal Greek tragedies that focus on the aristocracy, Miller’s works often focus on the plight and tragedy of the common man. According to Rachel Galvin in an article for National Endowment for the Humanities, Miller generally illustrated characters that â€Å"wrestle with power conflicts, personal and social responsibility, the repercussionsRead More Illusion Versus Reality in Death of a Salesman Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesIllusion Versus Reality in Death of a Salesman  Ã‚   A major theme and source of conflict throughout Millers play, Death of a Salesman, is the Loman familys inability to distinguish between reality and illusion.   This is particularly evident in the father, Willy Loman.   Willy has created a fantasy world for himself and his family.   In this world, he and his sons are men of greatness that have what it takes to make it in the business environment.   In reality, none of them can achieve greatnessRead MoreWilly Loman And The American Dream Analysis1075 Words   |  5 PagesDream In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans pursuit of the American Dream is characterized by his selfishness, demonstrating how the American Dream can subtly turn into the American Nightmare. However, Willy’s role is quite important because he often led to failure through the creation of the American Dream and the real world. To fully understand the storyline of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, one must evaluate each member of the Loman family. The death of Willy LomanRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle set forth his description of dramatic tragedy, and for centuries after, tragedy continued to be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examinationRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman, Tragic Hero. Willy Loman.1503 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent can Willy Loman be considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s rules? Arthur Miller presents his play ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the ancient form of a tragedy. Aristotle has defined his idea of the ‘perfect’ tragedy in his text, ‘Poetics’ (350 BC).Here he suggests that the protagonist must fall from an elevated social standing as a result of a â€Å"fatal flaw† within the character; the fall from the main character creates resolution to the play which is seen as just; finally, AristotleRead More Comparing Father and Child Relationships in Death of a Salesman and A View from the Bridge2026 Words   |  9 PagesFather and Child Relationships in Death of a Salesman and A View from the Bridge       In literature as in life, we go through events which are the effects of the relationships between parent and child.   In both plays Death of a Salesman and A View from the Bridge, Arthur Miller depicts the possessiveness of human nature through the eyes of Willy Loman and Eddie Carbone.   Willy and his son Biff exhibit an undoubtable strain in their relationship.   Willy gives all his dreams to Biff in hopeRead More Destruction of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesthat, no matter how poor you begin life, you can achieve upward social mobility for your family and children. Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, crushes the ethos of the American Dream. Miller’s ability to portray this delusional idea through the life and relationships of Willy Loman, a typical, low income American, is exquisite. America, in 1949, was experiencing an economic boom, and Miller precisely shows the effect of this on the â€Å"normal† individuals and families in the population, through Willy

Motivation vs Psychological Contract Free Essays

string(31) " will be seen and appreciated\." During the history people’s expectations and needs have been changing. They depends inter alia on actual situation on the market and current necessities of life. The economy climate is also important in creating people’s performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation vs Psychological Contract or any similar topic only for you Order Now People will make a good performance at work when their situation is certain. Poor performance will be made when situation is unstable. One of the key issues connected with the employee performance is motivation. Without well-motivated employees enterprise cannot exist on the market for a long time. Employees are very important part of the company, because thanks to them it can perform properly and fulfill its goals and assumptions. Unmotivated employees will not make their job with proper involvement and commitment, so their performance will be contrary to expectations of an employer. One of the biggest challenge for an employer is to motivate its employees to perform on the required level. Nowadays, it is not easy thing to do. Different types of employees have different expectations and things which motivate them. Different authors created motivation theories, but most of them was created in the last century. Great influence over people has also a psychological contract between them and their organization. Motivation theories and the psychological contract are the most powerful tools to motivate people, when they are used in the right context. Person is motivated when he knows what he wants to do to achieve specific goal. Motivation covers all factors which makes person to act from positive, like money, to negative, like fear of defeat. Motivation factors are different for each individual person. They are changing because of age, sex, position in society, education, level of skills, knowledge and circumstances. Also support from the managers and leaders has a significant meaning. Unmotivated manager cannot lead people to good performance. Organizational background and surrounding environment should be motivating. When managers knows employee’s needs, demands and expectations they are able to treat one as an individual and have specific approach depending on person’s character and attitude. Managers cannot forget about person’s development and setting realistic and challenging targets. Important in keeping positive motivation is also reward for a good job performance. People like to be awarded and that keeps them self-motivated on a high level (Adair 2006). â€Å"Motivation is an important part both in an individual’s and in a company’s performance. Even very well trained and very able employee will not perform well unless motivated. Higher motivation does not always result in a direct increase in productivity, because, in many jobs, productivity is limited by other people or by the pace of machine†(Robertson 1992:137). The motivation theories fall into two groups content and process theories. â€Å"First of them explain why people behave in a particular way in terms of those individuals’ pursuits of need fulfillment. Content theories attempt to determine the specific needs that motivate individuals†(Gallagher 1997). A group of the content theories includes theories of McGregor, Herzberg and McClelland. Process theories are those of, for example, Vroom’s, Adams’, Hackman’s and Oldham’s. Theory X and Theory Y created by McGregor assumed there are two kinds of people. In Theory X people are lazy, unambitious and want to avoid responsibility. Employees are against the system and represent defensive attitude. Very high level of supervising is required otherwise people will perform very poor. Theory Y says that work is in a human nature and it is able to provide enjoyment and self-fulfillment. Managers have just to make a positive climate for personal development and minimize supervision. Thanks to this people will feel self-reliance, confident and self-actualized (Tyson 1993:11). Herzberg was researching factors which have influence over people’s feelings about work. Those factors brings out satisfaction or dissatisfaction: achievement, recognition from others, the work itself, responsibility, opportunities for advancement, company policy and administration, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations, working conditions. He recognized two groups of factors satisfying needs. First one are external (hygiene) factors that cause unhappiness and dissatisfaction. They have to be present to avoid dissatisfaction, but by themselves they do not provide satisfaction. Managers need to provide intrinsic factors to keep employees happy with their job. He claimed that employee abilities should be fully used otherwise he will not be well motivated (Thomson 2003). „How Herzberg theory applies to XXXX employees. Management at XXXX understands that hygiene factors can potentially cause dissatisfaction among their employees, which in turn can lead to the loss of productivity and profitability. Therefore, they gave their employees Herzberg’s theory assessment. With these results, the company is able to provide competitive pay and bonuses that can motivate employees to work harder XXXX believes that rewarding hard working employees satisfies the motivating factor of job security. The company confirms this with pay incentives. Moreover, Management realizes that work conditions could play an integral part of their business success, not only for their employees, but for their customers as well. In addition to the brand new facilities, they also use state of the art cleaning materials that clean and make any surface resistant to dirt and decay. It is the goal of XXXX to maintain job satisfaction from all of its employees by increasing motivators and decreasing hygiene factors by constantly evaluating themselves through their employees† (Hunter 2007). McClelland’s research has identified three basic categories motivating needs, power, affiliation and achievement, into which people could be grouped, according to which need appears to be the main motivator in their lives. Those most interested in positions seek position of control and influence; those from whom affiliation is most important seek pleasant relationships and enjoy helping others; achieveme nt seekers want success, fear failure, are task-oriented and self-reliant. The implications of the theory in practice are that managers can identify employees who are self-motivated, those who rely more on internal incentives and those who could increase their achievement drive through training† (Tyson 1993:10). Vroom’s theory has three basics elements: expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is belief that if a person make an effort to achieve goals he will be seen and appreciated. You read "Motivation vs Psychological Contract" in category "Papers" Instrumentality is conviction that when employee do what should be done with proper accuracy he will be rewarded by salary increase, promotion or other form of appreciation. Valence is the value added by individual to the outcome. Employee will be poorly motivated if his reward has little valence for him (Kermally 2005:53). Adams argued that people want to receive relative returns for the effort they have put into work. Equity theory is based on the individual’s perception of fear treatment. â€Å"This theory bases explanations of behaviour on perceptions of social comparisons. Theory argues that the more intense the perceived inequity, the higher the tension and the stronger the motivation to act†(Buchanan 2004:251). Hackman and Oldham theory of job satisfaction presumes that three main rules decide about work. In the first of them person must perceive work as reasonable, rational. Second one says that person should take the responsibility for own work results. In the last one person should have chance to meet own work results. In their opinion each job should take into consideration above rules. Moreover, if those rules are included the higher probability of motivation occurs more by the job content than by some external factors. In planning the job complexity and level of difficulty should be taken into account (Miner 2006). In every day live people meet with contracts of a different type, for example contract of employment, bank contract etc. Contract is an agreement between two or more participants, which contains some settlements between them. In companies, apart form the contract of employment also can be found an unwritten psychological contract, which is very important to keep a good relationships between the employer and the employees. Psychological contract is necessary to keep long term agreement. It contains mutual expectations and obligations. Fundamentally, the psychological contract expresses the combination of beliefs held by an individual and his or her employer about what they expect of one another. It can be described as the set of reciprocal but unarticulated expectations that exist between individual employees and their employers. As defined by Schein (1965): The notion of a psychological contract implies that there is an unwritten set of expectations operating at all times between eve ry member of an organization and the various managers and others in that organizationâ€Å" (Armstrong 2006:225). The meaning of mutual expectations is also underlined by other researchers, such as: Rousseau and Wade-Benzoni, Katz and Kahn. Expectations are related with behaviour, often they are presumed and they are not formulated in the job contract. Employees may expect, and they usually do, fair treatment, just wage, possibility of future development and that they will be informed what they are expected to do. But expectations are mutual, so the employers also have them. Generally, they want to receive obedience, loyalty, commitment in business or job efficiency. It is normal that each side of this contract possess its own set of assumptions of the other one’s behaviour. Sometimes lack in fulfillment of mutual expectations can cause tensions and misunderstandings, or even dissolving of the contract of employment. â€Å"The significance of the psychological contract was further explained by Sims (1994) as follows: A balanced psychological contract is necessary for a continuing, harmonious relationship between the employee and the organization. However, the violation of the psychological contract can signal to the participants that the parties no longer share (or never shared) a common set of values or goalsâ€Å" (Armstrong 2006:227). Establishing a common set of values or goals is very important to keep positive and proper relations between people in the organization. Especially important seems to be their verbalization, because when people do not know what they can expect, they will not know why they are disappointed afterwards, when their expectations are not met. But they will have a feeling that something is done not as it should be. For the organization that kind of attitude can have a bad influence, because dissatisfied employees can have a negative effect on the organization activities. Specific character of the psychological contract in the organization is not based on a single transaction, because as Spindler claims: †every day people create relationships by means other than formal contracts(†¦) As individuals form relationships they necessarily bring their accumulated experience and developed personalities with them. In ways unknown to them, what they expect from the relationship reflects the sum total of their conscious and unconscious learning to date†(Armstrong 2006:230). Not every person in organization is aware, that in forming specific demands and expectations he or she bases on own knowledge and experience. Psychological contract is something which is usually not defined, so it can develop in unexpected way and have unforeseen consequences. Good psychological contract have a lot of advantages for an employee as well as for an employer. From the employees point of view proper psychological contract should include: proper approach to an employee (equal treatment, appraisal, understanding, respect), employment stability (it is important part of employment, but with dynamic changes on the labour market is not so attractive as it used to be), promotion (employees are focused on personal development and carrier opportunities), power and responsibilities (ability to make own decisions should be related with person’s skills), trust and commitment (employee, who feels understanding and have trust in own organization is more engaged in work and wants the same from the others). On the other hand employers consider that the psychological contract covers competences, effort, commitment, honesty, loyalty and the attitude consisted with the organization values. Psychological contract between the employee and the organization is created when a person is joining the company. The first stage on which some basis of the psychological contract may occur is the process of selection and recruitment. Employer presents own requirements and demands, invites selected persons for an interview and afterwards makes an opinion about the cohesion between the candidate and own organization. Employee acts similarly. After getting to know the organization’s offer he or she should know whether that job is for him or for her appropriate for the offered salary and the level of skills. Psychological contract is not constant, it is not something that stays still. â€Å"The psychological contract remains beneath the surface of relationships and is dynamic in character, continually changing, and frequently unacknowledged. It is a manifestation, too, of the ideals— ego ideals— that one party to the contract has for the other†(Burke 1999:20). It changes, because its environment is changing. External and internal factors have great influence over its state. Internal changes are caused by the market competition. Nowadays career is not always developing from the bottom to the top. It sometimes can be horizontal, which means that individual employee development is not a guarantee of the promotion. Now, in the companies very important are flexibility and capability to changes. Employers are not currently interested in keeping the same team for all time. They make further co-operation dependent on the level of demand of the employee‘s abilities for the company. Because of the nstability in employment Hiltrop suggested new type of psychological contract. According to him: â€Å"There is no job security. The employee will be employed as long as he or she adds value to the organization, and is personally responsible for finding new ways to add value. In return, the employee has the right to demand interesting and important work, has the freedom and resources to perform it well, receives pay that reflects his or her contribution, and gets the experience and training needed to be employable here or elsewhere†(Armstrong 2006:233). The new psychological contract does not guarantee a job for a lifetime. From my own experience I am able to say how important is the psychological contract for an employee. I was working for a building society, which was growing very well. As an employee I could expect from my employer appreciation and respect for my work. The responsibilities and duties for each of us were very clearly. The financial bonuses were the most motivational factor for all of us, because they were really high. The company has very good approach to its employees. When it generated more profits than it was presumed 25% of randomly chosen employees was going for a fully sponsored one week trip for one of the European countries. Also twice a year there was an integrating trip for all employees and lottery with the main prize of 50% of annual salary. None of this was formally written. It was the company’s customs. The best performing salesman had a company car and a mobile phone for an unlimited disposition with the option of buying them from the company after certain time. The loyalty to the company was very high. Nobody has left work by himself/herself since the establishment. Employees were very well motivated, because they knew that they would be appreciated. Thanks to those actions everybody were aimed for the company’s success. They were aware that when the company will gain profits and when the managers will be pleased with their performance the reward will be proper. The relationship between the employees and the organization has been changing recently. The employees want to develop their skills and if the company do not provide any training or development options for them they will leave, because their motivation to action will decrease. Nearly nobody wants to put an effort into company’s performance without being appreciated for it. Underestimated employees will not put much effort into their work. Motivation theories are old and not always adequate for today’s labour market. Employers are trying to motivate people in a different way, using different approaches and different points of view. Theoretical knowledge about motivation can be put into practice to see and explain, not only the psychological mechanism of organizational behaviour, but also to formulate diagnosis. Psychological factors of responsibility for the individual’s level of organizational behaviour have the basic meaning for understanding the peoples’ role in the organization and effective human resources management. Motivation theories are not flexible. They have their definitions, which contain certain rules and factors that create them. The psychological contract is much more flexible and can be changed under some special circumstances and mutual admittance. The negative side of the psychological contract is that, when one of the sides will not feel that their expectations and needs are fulfilled the trust and commitment will decrease. When these two factors are low the performance, positive attitude and motivation are poor. Motivation is important to keep the psychological contract, because without it the whole idea of the psychological contract is useless. Psychological contract has more determinant power than motivation theories. Unwritten mutual expectations, when are appeased, can motivate very well. People can find themselves united with the organization and its goals. Good leaders and managers will do their best to satisfy an employee, but on the other hand they will expect the same from him/her. Retaining positive employment relationship and psychological contract can have great influence over the company’s performance and image. List of references Adair, J. (2006) Leadership and motivation. London. Kogan Page Limited Armstrong, M.. (2006) 10th ednHandbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London. Kogan Page,Limited. Buchanan, D. , Huczynski A. (2004) 5th edn Organizational Behaviour. An Introductory Text. Essex. The Prentice Hall. Burke, E. (1999) Corporate Community Relations : The Principle of the Neighbor of Choice. Westport. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. Hunter, S. (2007) Motivation in the Workplace: Applying Maslow and Herzberg Theories. online] Available from [1 Dec 2008] Kermally, S. (2005) Gurus on people management. Oxford. Thorogood Miner, J. (2006) Organizational Behaviour 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership. New York. M. E. Sharp Inc. Robertson, I. , Smith, M. , Cooper, D. (1992) 2nd edn Motivation strategies, theory and practice. London. Institute of Personnel Management. Thomson, R. 3rd edn. (2002) Managing people. Oxford. Butterworth Heinemann. Tyson, S. , York, A. (1993) Personnel management. Oxford. Made Simple Books. How to cite Motivation vs Psychological Contract, Papers

National Competitive Advantage and Employability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the National Competitive Advantage and Employability. Answer: Introduction There are certain strategies that can augment the capacity of firm in relation to creating employment. This essay discusses the four strategies that can help the firms in Kuwait in creating more employment. Discussion The government of Kuwait understands that investing in the arena of skills, education along with training can help in developing a work force that is sustainable. It can help in boosting the competitiveness of Kuwait and provide career for that of the young people. Collaboration between that of government, investor, employer and the young people can create supportive eco-system that can prepare young people so that they contribute to that of the GCC work force (Smither, Houston and McIntire 2016). A report has shown that co-relation between that of higher student score in the field of science along with mathematics can help in increasing the per capita growth rate. Heavy investment in that of the education sector by the government can help in increasing the capacity of the firms in creating employment opportunities. The curricula should be aligned with the needs of the employers and the education system in the country does not prepare the students with that of the right technical skills. Companies should have more input that can drive the course content towards that of the specific requirements (Aryee et al. 2016). It can then develop a workforce that aligns itself with the demands of the market. The students should be exposed to that of the work environment with the help of internships. The students should be equipped with the core skills that are required in the industry. Structured collaboration along with partnership can help in closing the skills gap related to education. This can help in boosting the importance of certain courses and can raise standard in relation to teaching. It can create opportunities for the students in getting genuine insight into that of the potential career. It can help in providing pipeline to that of the talent and identification of the best before that of the competitors. It can help in boosting the brand awareness. The universities should get involved in the process of designing of that of the curricula that can boost the rankings of the institution (Bennett, Richardson and MacKinnon 2015). Level of employability that is offered by course can act as the measurement for the students so that they can choose where they want to study. Conclusion Encouraging a culture within which work is perceived to be attractive can help in achieving success in relation to education-to-employment initiative. The government should be able to create dynamic private sector that can support that of the local population (Mistry, Awasekar and Halkude 2017). It can help them in finding ways that can boost their appetite in relation to taking on challenging work. Raising the profile of that of the alternative can help the entrepreneurs in starting the business. Entrepreneurial spirit among that of the young people in Kuwait is quite low. The young entrepreneurs are held back on account of cultural stigma and a fear that they would fail. References: Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F.O., Seidu, E.Y. and Otaye, L.E., 2016. Developing and leveraging human capital resource to promote service quality: Testing a theory of performance. Journal of management, 42(2), pp.480-499. Bennett, D., Richardson, S. and MacKinnon, P., 2015. Enacting strategies for graduate employability: How universities can best support students to develop generic skills.Sydney: Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching. Mistry, R., Awasekar, D. and Halkude, S., 2017. Integrating Various Instructional Strategies with Project Based Learning for Enhancing Knowledge and Employability in Automobile Engineering.Journal of Engineering Education Transformations,30(3), pp.179-186. Smither, R., Houston, J. and McIntire, S., 2016.Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge.

As a director of Act 1, scene 5, how would I convey the dramatic tension through Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

As a director of Act 1, scene 5, how would I convey the dramatic tension through Romeo and Juliet? Essay Romeo and Juliet is certainly one of Shakespeares most loved pieces and throughout it, he conveys the deepest emotions which seem to touch our innermost feelings. The fighting between the Capulet and Montague families, both alike in dignity, appears to bring us into the war- struck world of Verona. We are driven through a powerful journey through Shakespeares words of wisdom and certainly bring out our intimate sensations, all in only two hours of theatre. Romeo and Juliet is a fearful passage of their death- marked love and throughout the course of the play, we are taken through an emotional journey into the minds of the star- crossed lovers, bringing out examples of dramatic tension into context. The heart- breaking tour into the mentality of the two young hearts causes even the strongest of people to shed a tear. However, sometimes the re-enactments of such scenes as Act 1; scene 5, fail to capture the contrast and without doubt, the dramatic tension is not conveyed in the way nee ded to connect with our emotions. Taking the part of the director, I have decided on a few dramatic techniques needed to make Romeo and Juliet as moving as possible for a modern audiences viewing. Throughout the course of Romeo and Juliet, a variety of imagery and context is used to portray feelings of the characters as well as their attitudes. For example, at the beginning of act 1: scene 5, at the Capulet ball, Romeo first notices Juliet from the other side of the room. In my performance, at this point in the play, I would have them on opposite sides of the room, to signify how they are so close yet so far from being together. Also, I would have a strong light on Romeo to show his importance whereas a soft light on Juliet would illustrate her gentle nature. I would also signify the dark and light that is referred to throughout this scene by making Romeo wear and black suit and Juliet to wear a white dress. At this point in the play, the atmosphere would be quite calm, with quite slow dialogue because Romeo is falling in love at first sight. For a Shakespearean audience, this would be more significant than a modern audience because social attitudes have changed and in those d ays, love at first sight was seen as a very controversial issue. So, when Romeo uses imagery to describe the beauty of Juliet, the effect is more poignant for a modern audience whereas a Shakespearean audience would be astonished. We will write a custom essay sample on As a director of Act 1, scene 5, how would I convey the dramatic tension through Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on As a director of Act 1, scene 5, how would I convey the dramatic tension through Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on As a director of Act 1, scene 5, how would I convey the dramatic tension through Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is the beginning of act 1, scene 5 that Romeo sees Juliet and he uses a selection of deep, intimate and poetic language to signify Juliets beauty. For example, Romeo refers a lot to images of light and dark; he says O she doth teaches the torches to burn bright! In my opinion, this means that Romeo is seeing Juliet as a light in his dark life. This is because at this time, Romeo is still supposedly in love with a girl called Rosaline (act 1; scene 1), and with his feelings of rejection, he sees his life in a narrow- minded fashion, in darkness. In effect, when Romeo sees Juliet, he feels light in his life again and falls straight in love with her. Romeo also refers to Juliet as a snowy dove trooping with crows. Also, through imagery, Romeo uses examples of texts that put him down and consequently make Juliet seem even more gracious. For example, he says touching her make blessed my rude hand. This means that Romeo thinks that compared to Juliet, he is so undignified that even so m uch as touching her, would make him refined again. The audience would now see Juliet as a pure, beautiful lady; portrayed by her white clothing and soft lighting and Romeo as someone who is actually infatuated and maybe a bit overwhelmed because he is making speeches that in some ways, are so deep that we begin to wander how he has come up with them so quickly. Throughout the scene, Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter and rhyming couplet. For example, Romeo quotes did my heart love till now, for swear it sight! I neer saw true beauty till this night. Here Romeo is questioning his sight to whether or not they are seeing right as before he thought he was in love with Rosaline but now, he feels even stronger feelings towards Juliet. Shakespeare uses rhyming couplets in this scene to symbolize the love that is flourishing between Romeo and Juliet. Romeo would be presented as quite vulnerable because hes so young and at that age, its typical of such a young man doing such things. However, a Shakespearean audience would not see it in this way because they didnt tend to take into account that age would affect someones actions, so they consequently would see Romeo as quite a rebellious. In the next part of the scene, Tybalt enters with Capulet. At this point in the play, Tybalt is extremely irritated because he has just seen Romeo (Montague) at the party and when he notices this, he realises the extent and humiliation he would face when people realise that a Montague has entered a Capulets residence. I think that there are therefore, two interpretations for why exactly Tybalt was livid. Firstly, he would be mortified with the fact that a Montague penetrated into the house of Capulet in the first place. Also, I think in a way, he may have thought that Capulet allowed such a thing to occur and invited the Montague to his house. In this case, he would be absolutely furious and therefore be shouting such abuse as he was; like villain Romeo. And our foe. These are in modern time, very mild abuse expressions however, in Shakespeares time such language was thought of as appalling and certainly only used in such desperate measures as this. In this scene, I would direct Tybalt to be exceptionally enraged; possibly throwing his arms from one place to another a few times, near the end when he becomes more forceful. For example, when he says why, uncle, tis a shame! hes trying to tell his uncle, Capulet, that it is such an awful thing that has happened, I would also have Tybalt speaking in a thunderous, livid voice that would echo through the theatre, to show how infuriated Tybalt actually was. For example, I think it would be very effective when Tybalt says fetch me my rapier boy! that he speaks in a forceful manner because at this point in time, he would be very authoritative and at the peak of his anger. Also, in my opinion, at this particular point of speech, Tybalt is supposed to come across as very influential, because hes asking a servant to bring him his sword; as if he has the status in the relationship and should be obeyed. However, as Capulet enters, I think it would be quite effective to make him lower his tone of voice slightly, as he realises the difference in status. At this point in the play, the lighting would start of as a strong light on Tybalt and a soft lighting on Romeo in the background. However, I think as Capulet enters, there would be two strong lights on each of the characters to show both of their power and through this lighting, the audience will realise both of the arguments that are portrayed are authoritative and both of them are coming from relatively upper class people. I also think that at this point in the scene, the staging would mean that at the front of the stage would be the dialogue between Tybalt and Capulet and in the background the audience would see Romeo, gazing at Juliet. I think that this effect would be beneficial for the scene as the audience see the contrast between the arguments at the front with the tender scene at the back. Showing that even though Tybalt is talking about Romeo to be a slave, coming to scorn at their solemnity, the evidence from the back of the theatre shows Romeo to be quite gentle and vuln erable because following a girl round is quite, in modern times an immature action to do. In this scene, with the dialogue, I would choose to emphasize slave, foe and villain. I would also choose to accentuate the speech when Tybalt says scorn at our solemnity and makes my flesh tremble because, in my opinion, these lines certainly portray the accurate amount of resentment that Tybalt is feeling at this point in time. Also when Tybalt says scorn at our solemnity he would look disgusted because it shows more aggression and the act that he looks disgusted shows how angry he is with the fact a Capulet is in his house as it is alliteration in a sound which sounds almost malevolent or evil. This section, in context to the scene as a whole sets the atmosphere of anger and brings out the first glances of the antagonism that the characters are feeling at this point in time. It also begins the trail of tension between the characters and the dramatic tension begins to take a lead part in the act. For example, the argument between Capulet and Tybalt begins a string of affairs which lead to death, painful experiences and also the declaration of love because as they argue; Romeo approaches Juliet and they first kiss; in the next part of the scene. From the part of the great argument between Capulet and Tybalt to the meeting of Romeo and Juliet is probably one of the biggest changes of ambience in the whole of Romeo and Juliet. The change shows the difference between two immensely powerful scenes which both have impact on the outcome of the play. From a intense scene of arguments beforehand, the atmosphere of the meeting of Romeo and Juliet is very romantic and in my opinion, where before I would have loud, vigorous tone of voices, in this scene I would have very soft talking voices, in a slow manner; to symbolize the love which is created between the young hearts. For example, at the beginning of this meeting, Romeo starts off by saying if I profane with my unworthiest hand this shrine, the gentle fine is this, my lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth with a tender kiss. I would have Romeo approach Juliet from behind, as if by surprise to entice her and to extend the theme of masks and disguise. Another main part that I would have in a slow speech would be just before the first kiss; Then move not, while my prayers effect I take. Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is purged. Before this part of the speech Romeo and Juliet refer to their love as a sin and the kiss would be the biggest sin of all. Especially in a Shakespearean audiences company because such revelations would be considered a huge surprise. However, for a modern time audience, this would not seem as wrong as it did in history since attitudes have changed towards these ideas. To direct my scene, I think I would need to consider both audiences and thats why I think that I would have them touch lips softly first, then back off before coming back together again as they are young therefore for a modern audience, their vulnerability would be illustrated here. This part of act 1 scene 5, is written as part of a sonnet. A sonnet is normally a love poem and therefore the reason for Shakespeares writing it in a poetic fashion of a sonnet is because I think he wanted to capture the love themes described. Also, I think Shakespeare wrote this in a sonnet way because it is a love scene and the fact it was written in a sonnet gives him a chance to explore ways to link the lovers through their speech For example, Romeo says Have not saints lips and holy palmers too? Then Juliet replies Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. At this point in the play Romeo and Juliet are trying to convince themselves that there is nothing wrong with kissing because they are virtually worshipping. For a Shakespearean audience, the constant religious imagery is very relevant because at the time, there would be religious people in the audience who could relate to this description. For my performance, to make it more authentic that the youngsters had fallen in love so quickly, I would start by Romeo and Juliet both looking for a long time into each others eyes, when they finally meet, because they are both probably not used to such confrontation and therefore would be quite nervous that it happened to them. I would also, as they speak to each other, keep them looking into each others eyes until the kiss, when they both, look at the connection of their hands, as they talk about the pilgrims prayers. To show their feelings for each other, I think they would start by linking hands, as prayers, while they say Saints do not move though grant for prayers sake and then move not, while my prayers effect I take.. these stages are leading up to the kiss and throughout them, they are getting closer and closer until they are finally touching; no longer by hands but by lips. I think that when Romeo is talking, he should try touching Juliets hair to show how much hes infatua ted with her. As Romeo and Juliet kiss, the nurse walks in. Once more, the atmosphere changes and the dramatic tensions are also quite high. This is because the nurse would be astounded to have found the two kissing. At this point, before the nurse walks in, I would have dimmed lights on the kiss to symbolize the intensity. These dimmed lights would also bring the audience to be more engaged because they are concentrating on one part on stage. I would create dramatic tension in this part of the scene by having soft music playing throughout it however, when the nurse walks in on the kiss, the music would stop. In this scene, Romeo and Juliet find out each of them is from the opposite family. Here the dramatic tension is extremely high and both characters appear to be more emotional because of this. To show how hurt they are by the news, I would have them both walk off and talk to themselves for the next line. For example, when Juliet says my only love, sprung from my only hate, she would wake slightly away from the nurse. It is very serious that each f them is from the family rival because there is an extra problem. For example, as well as worrying about what her family is going to say about her kissing someone without their permission, she has to worry about the fact that hes what the family hate. It is significant that it is the nurse who reveals to each of them the news because, shes merely a worker for the Capulet household so isnt obliged to tell the truth. Through Romeo and Juliet meeting and finding out the true identities of each other, this can lead to more fighting between the fa milies and also, as a result, more family members dying. When Juliet speaks, she signifies the true severity of the situation by some of what she says. For example, when she says my grave is like to be my wedding bed, this means that she believes she is going to die before she is married. Also, I think in my performance I will have the nurse emphasize words like the son of your only enemy! this would create a harsh tension of the scene as the truth hits Juliet as it isshe has fallen in love with who she is expected to hate, a Montague. Overall, act 1, scene 5 is a significant and important scene because it is the pivotal point of the play and from then on, everything changes. For example, in act 1, scene 5 Romeo and Juliet find out each of their identities and the problem is born between the two family grudges being linked by love. Also, the themes of love and war are contrasted greatly as we are taken from different parts, another theme approaches. Also, in act 1; scene 5, a lot happens. As well as the first meeting and kiss of Romeo and Juliet, also there is the revelation to each o them about the family name. In act 1; scene 5, there is also a lot of dramatic irony which is used to connect the audience to the play and seem like they have an important part to play in the surprise because they knew beforehand. I think that these ideas of love and war could be portrayed to a modern time audience by using a racial theme running through because at this day and age, there is a lot of discrimination between racial groups. For example, in this scene love and hate collide. I would re-enforce this by having a stop of music as well as a lot of lighting to help pick out the key- parts of the scene To a modern audience, I think they would feel more emotion if they heard music whereas in a Shakespearean audiences viewing they would find the idea of volume control in voices more emotional as they didnt have special effects to look like they were crying or lighting and sound to portray emotions.

ocean water essays

ocean water essays 1. Introduction to open water waste disposal. 2. Introduction of oil into marine environments. 3. Introduction of plastics/pollutants into marine environments. 4. Possible solutions to waste disposal into our water systems. The oceans and the life they sustain have had enough. They can no longer endure the unwanted pollution of careless, inconsiderate people worldwide. The societies of this world need to wake up, and not only listen to, but understand that it is time to find better ways of dealing with wastes, rather than nonchalantly dumping it into our oceans. For decades people in societies worldwide have taken advantage of the Earth=s waters simply by dumping whatever they do not want into them. Apparently our time of easy disposal has run out, the oceans and the life within our showing distinct signs of poor health. The continuous dumping (or traditional dumping) of industrial wastes as well as sewage and garbage into the oceans is beginning to show definite signs of pollution caused stress. The National Research Council recently published information stating that human intervention has begun to take its toll on the marine environment. The ecological balance of oceans worldwide are at a dan gerously unstable state, the effects of man-made pollutants introduced into the waters and seas are having severe consequences upon the marine life living there. There is much that needs to be accomplished before scientists can fully understand how bad our oceans and seas really are. Even more importantly, is the fact that environmental action must be taken now to reduce the oceans growing plight. Arguably the most contributing polluters to our oceans are the major industries of the world. Industrial ocean pollution has incorporated a wide variety of polluters, ranging from major oil spills dispersing toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons (the resultant of the breakdown of petroleum) to PCB=s (polychlorinated biphenyls) as well as D...

Solve the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Solve the questions - Assignment Example 2) The user is a critical part of phishing prevention. What are two elements that might give away an attempt to pose as a financial site? One of the two elements is when a user does not use the â€Å"HTTPS† in the URL. This means that the website is not secured. Another way that the website may deemed as fake is when the URL changes. Many phishing scammers attempt to conduct this attack by pasting their customized URL, which may have different ending such as .net. In order to take a preventive action against this type of attack, it is crucial to write the URL on the menu bar as it removes any discrepancy. Another element that it very vital is that the URL might ask for you to upgrade the software. However, this is a deception itself as it tries to run a .exe file. In any notification of running a .exe, this might be a clear example of a fake website. 3) A browser can warn a user of a homeograph attack with a visual cue. Give an example describing a method that still allows the user to browse to a Chinese or Arabic site. Well, this case may be different. Arabic website utilizes right to left text so it may be clear that it’s a homographic attack. However, taking a case of Spanish website versus an American website, the discrepancy is harder to resolve. 4) Based on the reading in the book an attacker (most of the time) must learn about the database in order to attack with SQL injection. How can information be gathered without insider knowledge? SQL injection is a technique that exploits a security vulnerability occurring in the database layer of an application. SQL although is a very useful language, can be very vulnerable against security. By conducting ad hoc queries, such as using a wildcard(*) symbol, hackers can obtain vital SSN or credit card numbers. Even if they acquire certain information, they have programs that can execute queries to utilize many permutations of a function to acquire the right combination of information. 5) Why isnâ€℠¢t input validation always done if it can mitigate the #1 cyber attack vector? Whose â€Å"job† is it? The problem with input validation is the fact that it can be utilized to conduct cyber attacks. Input validation are result of bad programming errors To execute a buffer overflow attack, you merely dump as much data as possible into an input field. The attack is said to be successful when it returns an application error. Cross-site scripting attacks place malicious code, usually JavaScript, in locations where other users see it. Target fields in forms can be addresses, bulletin board comments, etc. 1) Why is DNS considered one of the â€Å"pillar† application layer protocols? DNS is a pillar because all applications depend on DNS to provide authenticated binding between a name and the IP address. DNS also binds a name to unauthenticated IP addresss. Without DNS, SSL and TLS are not established and address authentication services verify the security sessions after the DNS connection. Without DNS< the foundation of networking is not solidified. 2) Briefly describe the process for a DNS query. The first step in a DNS query process is that it requests information. Once the process has begun, the computers searches the local DNS cache to look for the address. If the address is not found, it performs a DNS query. Secondly, it asks the recursive DNS servers to contact ISP’s recursive DNS servers. Since Recursive servers have their own caches, and the information is